Reading & Resources

School Administrator, February 2018


Book Reviews
 
Charting a Course to Standards-Based Grading: What to Stop, What to Start, and Why It Matters
by Tim R. Westerberg,
ASCD, Alexandria, Va., 2016, 162 pp. with index, $27.95 softcover

In Charting a Course to Standards-Based Grading: What to Stop, What to Start, and Why It Matters, author Tim Westerberg provides a practical and systematic overview of standards-based grading where readers will likely find themselves exclaiming “of course” or “makes perfect sense!” As an international school improvement coach and former high school principal, Westerberg focuses on student learning as the goal in standards-based grading. 

District and school leaders will readily recognize the counterproductive assessment and grading practices and beliefs that are occurring in classrooms daily and harming students across the country. Addressing these practices is a challenging and bold endeavor which takes a thorough understanding and commitment if it is to be implemented well for sustainability. Addressing these practices also has the power to transform teaching and learning.

Whether you are just beginning the journey to standards-based grading or already on your way and need a mid-course correction, Westerberg provides specific and relevant examples for administrators to use with teachers and parents alike. A multi-year transition and implementation plan, as well as a plan for informing and engaging the community is provided as guide for the journey.  

Reviewed by Lisa M. Antunes, assistant superintendent, Hillsborough Township School District, Hillsborough, N.J.
 

The Essentials for Standards-Driven Classrooms: A Practical Instructional Model for Every Student to Achieve Rigor
by Carla Moore, Michael D. Toth, and Robert J. Marzano, Learning Sciences International, West Palm Beach, Fla., 2017, 106 pp. with index, $19.95 softcover

Searching for the most effective instructional model has been education’s holy grail for years. Add to that the recent expectation for academic rigor for all students, and it becomes even more elusive. No one has had a more important role in these tasks than researcher Bob Marzano.

In this text, Marzano and colleagues synthesize research from their Essentials series into an integrated approach focusing on moving learners to higher degrees of cognitive complexity and student autonomy.

Initial chapters center on deep understanding of targets, common performance scales and using formative assessment to track progress. The “path to rigor” section helps teachers to identify and plan instructional activities that scaffold student learning so they can think at high levels and use knowledge to solve problems. While the individual components described in the book are not new, integrating them into a model is helpful. 

The work of professional learning community teams is to analyze the outcomes of lessons and plan instructional strategies aligned to the cognitive demands of the standards. Specific curricular examples and scenarios are plentiful, as are sample templates and “tips” to support teachers as they collaboratively plan the high-impact instructional strategies.

By its very nature, this work requires teachers to become quite skilled at integrating many research-based strategies to make the key instructional shifts that deepen student learning. Unfortunately, this is not a quick and easy process and, faced with multiple agendas and revolving-door leadership, many schools have had difficulty staying the course. 

The superintendent’s role in this process, according Marzano and company, is to articulate the equity vision with passion, be the lead learner, remain patient and persistent and clear away legitimate barriers to change. When these occur, the holy grail just might be in sight.

Reviewed by Ronald S. Thomas, interim department chair, Instructional Leadership and Professional Development Department, Towson University, Baltimore, Md.
 

The Leader Within: Understanding and Empowering Teacher Leaders
by Brian Creasman and Michael Coquyt, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Md., 2016, 157 pp., $30 softcover

Teacher leaders are critical to the success of schools and school districts. In many cases, this is not a formal or assigned role, but one that teachers take on to foster continuous school improvement and student achievement. Brian Creasman, superintendent of Fleming County Schools in Kentucky, and Michael Coquyt, retired superintendent and current assistant professor of education at Minnesota State University Moorhead, recognize the amazing potential of strong teacher leaders. Their book, The Leader Within: Understanding and Empowering Teacher Leaders provides a step-by-step growth process to use to develop teacher leaders.  

Each chapter is based on one of the seven domains of the Teacher Leader Model Standards, developed by the Teacher Leader Consortium in 2008. These domains focus on collaboration, using research, high-quality professional development, use of assessments and data, outreach to community and advocacy, with goals of improving student learning, professional practice and district improvement.  

I would not recommend this book for superintendents to increase their knowledge of building teacher leaders. However, this resource would be a great text to use in a graduate course for teacher leaders or an in-district teacher leader growth program. The chapters are all in the same format, beginning with the teacher leader self-reflection, building background information through examples and research, and setting next steps for growth.  

The authors stress developing teacher leaders as an integral part of school and district improvement, rather than in isolation. With these strong teacher leaders, schools can harness the leadership at the classroom level to lead to student and organizational growth.  

Reviewed by Nancy Wagner, superintendent, River Trails School District 26, Mt. Prospect, Ill.
 

Not Just Talent: The Millennials Redefining Talent & Human Capital Management
by Philipe Bruce,
P.O.D.S. Coaching, LLC, Omaha, Neb., 2016, 291 pp., $16.99 softcover

Do you have a multigenerational workforce? Are you struggling to recruit, hire and develop millennials? Not Just Talent, by Philipe Bruce addresses this challenge. Bruce is an expert in organizational development who mentors entrepreneurs and small businesses in human resources, with a millennial focus. 

In the field of human resources in education, we need to consider the changing job market. Millennials are looking for different workplace structures that are unique to their upbringing. The author suggests that we first identify what makes millennials tick before we are able to meet their needs. While this book does not have a school or district focus, the content certainly applies to those settings. 

While the author makes some broad generalizations about generations and how they engage with one another in the workplace, the concepts may be applicable to groups of employees from different generations. Now, more than ever, we are in multigenerational workplaces. By identifying these differences, and the value that each generation brings to our districts, we can maximize the impact on student learning. 

Bruce also addresses a leadership pipeline. Through the concept of intrapreneurship and integrated talent management, there are many opportunities to engage and inspire creativity amongst our millennial employees. What may seem commonplace for baby boomers or Gen Xers is seen as foreign and stifling to millennials. The author provides some concrete and specific steps for how to speak the language of millennials. 

This book is recommended for readers currently in human resources looking to better understand the millennial workforce. It is very specific in focus and would be beneficial to departments who are trying to adapt and adjust for the changing workplace. 

Reviewed by Elizabeth Freeman, assistant superintendent of innovative learning, teaching and technologies, Fremont School District 79, Mundelein, Ill.
 

Rethinking Readiness: Deeper Learning for College, Work, and Life
edited by Rafael Heller, Rebecca E. Wolfe and Adria Steinberg, Harvard Education Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2017, 310 pp. with index, $32 softcover

What does it mean for young people to be truly well-prepared for college, careers and civic life? The answer to this urgent question is the focus of this timely work by Rafael Heller, Rebecca E. Wolfe and Adria Steinberg, Rethinking Readiness: Deeper Learning for College, Work, and Life.

The editors take a deep look at children in various types of scenarios and with multiple types of needs; for example, the inequities seen in schools that serve children living in poverty, children with a variety of disabilities and special needs, and English Language Learners. A discussion on what is needed to better prepare these, and all children to be successful in a competitive world is the heart of this book.

Strategies such as creating opportunities for on-the-job training are suggested to connect learning to the real world. In this day and age of confusion and constant change, we can’t expect our children to do better until we, as educators, do better. In order to prepare our children for college, work and life, it must be recognized that students’ performance in college is related to more than how they perform academically.

While today’s children are different than children were years ago, unfortunately the laws and policies are not. The authors call for policies to focus less on high-stakes tests and the wrong type of accountability; their hope is that newer policies, particularly the Every Student Succeeds Act, will improve instruction and learning for all.

Heller, Wolfe and Steinberg stress that more serious and creative investments in supporting the nation’s vulnerable children cannot be optional — they must be demanded. A thought-provoking statement made by the editors of Rethinking Readiness: Deeper Learning for College, Work, and Life is, “thirteen years from now, when today’s kindergarteners finish high school, they will immerse into a world that will be dramatically more complex and technology led.” If nothing more, that should scoot all educators to the edge of their seats to take a look at what’s happening now and think about what really should be happening in order for all children to be prepared for a civil and professionally successful future; not mere survival skills.

Reviewed by Priscilla A. Boerger, chair, Department of Education, Regis College, Weston, Mass.
 

A Road Map to PLC Success
by Sean McWherter,
Routledge, New York, N.Y., 120 pp., $34.95 softcover

Many educational leaders say they have professional learning communities (PLCs) in their schools, but often admit that they don’t really know how PLCs are supposed to function. In his book, A Road Map to PLC Success, Sean McWherter makes it quite clear that the sole purpose of a PLC is to provide opportunities for educators to engage in data-focused discussions. He then proceeds to give readers a step-by-step approach that they can use “to turn PLCs into the well-oiled growth machines that they should be.” 

As the executive director of support services for Asheboro City Schools in North Carolina, McWherter shares his experiences as a school administrator who successfully implemented PLCs that led to improved student and teacher growth. The logistical framework that he recommends for collaborative teacher teams focuses on reviewing curriculum guides, unpacking the standards, engaging in common lesson planning, and using common assessment to make improvements in teaching and learning.   According to the author, everything in PLCs revolves around the use of frequent common assessments, the analysis of data and the implementation of intervention strategies in team-based learning communities. 

The book not only maps out the process for implementing PLCs, but also provides an appendix that contains templates, diagrams and sample schedules to assist the reader with the implementation of data-driven collaboration in schools. In addition, the author created a chapter full of advice about some common mistakes to avoid to decrease stress levels during the PLC process. The journey to success takes time and the strategies discussed in this book are for those who wholeheartedly endorse the PLC as a mechanism to increase teacher capacity and improve student achievement.

Reviewed by Deitra Spence, educational consultant, Philadelphia, Pa.
 

School Culture Recharged: Strategies to Energize Your Staff and Culture
by Steve Gruenert and Todd Whitaker, ASCD, Alexandria, Va., 2017, 189 pp. with index, $28.95 softcover

School Culture Recharged (a follow-up to School Culture Rewired) by Steve Gruenert and Todd Whitaker tackles the challenging topic of school culture. The authors take a deep-dive into school culture and how it ultimately impacts student achievement. This insightful book is full of several methodologies for impacting school culture, but goes beyond theory by outlining concrete examples of how to shape school culture. 

The book begins by distinguishing between climate and culture, an important nuance for intentionally crafting a positive school culture. The authors then build layer upon layer of understanding by providing rich examples and activities. The car windshield analogy is one example of truly understanding what drives your school culture. Readers are asked to determine if their current culture is driven by the past (rearview mirror), the present (gauges), or the future (the windshield).

Overall, School Culture Recharged challenged my assumptions surrounding school culture by offering a 360-degree view of culture. School leaders seeking to intentionally build a positive school culture will find this book valuable.

Reviewed by Jason Fountain, director of curriculum and instruction, Central Community School System, Baton Rouge, La.
 

Transformative Teachers: Teacher Leadership and Learning in a Connected World

by Kira J. Baker-Doyle, Harvard Education Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2017, 262 pp. with index, $32 softcover

Transformative Teachers: Teacher Leadership and Learning in a Connected World provides an in-depth report of what transformative teaching is, the history of it prior to the internet, and transformative teaching now with the use of the internet and social media. Descriptions of what transformative teachers do, how they do it and examples of transformative teachers are shared throughout the book.

Kira Baker-Doyle included a lot of technical information in the book. While this may be of interest to a researcher, I don’t think it is of great interest to a practicing educator. However, some of the chapters may be beneficial to practicing educators as standalone chapters.

District and school leaders who keep up on best practices in education probably wouldn’t want or need to read the entire book. However, if a building or district leader is looking for advice on how their organization can support transformative teachers, Chapter 9 could be helpful.  

Chapter 3 and Chapter 10 would be worthwhile reading for teachers who are looking to take on a leadership role in their district and the field of education. Both chapters provide specific information that provides “how to” information, along with profiles of transformative teachers. Baker-Doyle reminds us that leadership doesn’t mean a position or title, but the action of the individual.  

Reviewed by Kristen Kendrick-Weikle, superintendent, Warrensburg-Latham CUSD #11, Warrensburg, Ill.



ABSTRACT

Emotional Intelligence

How does emotional intelligent influence superintendents’ leadership?

Antoinette Fulcher Gutierrez addressed that question in her dissertation for an Ed.D. in 2017 at Brandman University. She surveyed a sample of superintendents in Southern California.

The research discovered emotional intelligence contributes to the superintendents’ appropriately reacting and responding to situations, learning through coaching and mentoring, building relationships, living up to the expectations of being a leader, providing strategies to mitigate emotional reactions and creating emotional safety.

The study found no significant differences in the responses between male and female superintendents.

Copies of “The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on the Leadership of Public School Superintendents” are accessible from ProQuest at 800-521-0600 or disspub@proquest.com.
 

 
Why I Wrote this Book ...




“If we are going to create an education system that prepares students for their futures, there is much that needs to be unlearned about what we do and how we do it. Mike Lubelfeld and I wrote this book to encourage educators everywhere to start unlearning some of the old beliefs that get in the way of educational leadership — including classroom design and professional development.”

Nick Polyak, superintendent, Leyden High School District 212, Franklin Park, Ill., on co-authoring (with Michael Lubelfeld) The Unlearning Leader: Leading for Tomorrow’s Schools Today (Rowman & Littlefield, 2017)
 





BITS & PIECES

Dropout Prevention

A new practice guide titled “Preventing Dropout in Secondary Students” has been developed to help educators and administrators learn strategies for recognizing students at risk of dropping out and addressing the challenges they face.

The guide, developed by the What Works Clearinghouse, offers four evidence-based recommendations for reducing dropout rates in middle and high schools and improving graduation rates with actionable strategies, examples and advice.


Dual Enrollment

A new report from the National Student Clearinghouse examines postgraduation data of students who have taken community college dual-enrollment classes on a state-by-state basis.

More than 200,000 high school students were tracked for six years, with 88 percent continuing in college after high school and most earning a certificate or degree within five years.


Chronic Absenteeism

A federal study of student absence rates reported under the Every Student Succeeds Act shows that chronic absence is more prevalent in high school and among students from lower socioeconomic status.


Authentic Engagement

The National School Public Relations Association has published two books to support engagement.

The Politics of Authentic Engagement: Perspectives, Strategies and Tools for Student Success offers ways to build dynamic relationships in support of schools and create a culture of engagement. The corresponding workbook provides handouts, instructions and other prompts.

Order the books at www.nspra.org.


Enrollment Statistics

The number of high school graduates is projected to increase 5 percent by 2025, according to a new report titled “Projections of Education Statistics to 2025” from the National Center for Education Statistics.

The report, which provides national-level data on enrollment, teachers and expenditures at the elementary and secondary level, also projects an increase in elementary and secondary enrollment of 2 percent between 2013 and 2025.


Kindness Challenge

The Middle School Kindness Challenge, spearheaded by Stand for Children, is a no-cost curriculum to foster social and emotional development and improve school climate for grades 5-8. AASA is a lead partner in this initiative. To sign up, visit AASA’s homepage


AASA App

The AASA mobile app, sponsored by Blackboard, delivers news and information about AASA’s policy and advocacy resources, leadership and staff contacts, association schedules and event agendas, job classifieds and news updates.

The app is compatible with both iPhone and Android devices and is available as a free download from the Apple App store and the Google Play store or as a smartphone-ready web app for all other users. To find out more, visit http://aasa.org/app.aspx.


Conference Recap 

Whether or not you attend AASA’s national conference in Nashville, you will find Conference Daily Online to be an informative voice for the event’s main activities.

The daily e-publication will show up for four consecutive mornings in all members’ inboxes in mid-February. It carries summaries of key presentations and award announcements plus photos, video clips and blog postings.